Greenland, the world’s largest island, located at the
northern tip of the Atlantic Ocean, has emerged as a focal point in modern
geopolitics due to its strategic position, abundant natural resources, and
potential to influence the global balance of power. Although it is currently an
autonomous territory under Danish sovereignty, its significance extends far
beyond the borders of this small Nordic kingdom. In a world marked by
competition among major powers such as the United States, Russia, and China,
U.S. control over Greenland could play a pivotal role in promoting stability
and world peace. This article explores the reasons behind its strategic
relevance and argues why its integration under the American flag could benefit
the global order.
An unmatched strategic location
Greenland’s geographic position makes it an invaluable
asset. Situated between North America and Europe, with privileged access to the
Arctic, the island serves as a natural bridge between two continents and a
critical vantage point in a region gaining importance due to climate change.
The melting of Arctic ice has opened new maritime routes, such as the Northwest
Passage, which could revolutionize global trade by significantly reducing
transit times between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Controlling Greenland
means holding an advantage in overseeing and protecting these routes, granting
considerable influence over international commerce.
Moreover, from a military perspective, Greenland is a
critical enclave. During the Cold War, the United States recognized this value
by establishing the Thule Air Base, which remains an essential component of the
missile defense and surveillance systems for the Northern Hemisphere. In
today’s context, where Russia has intensified its military presence in the
Arctic and China seeks to expand its influence in the region, U.S. control of
Greenland would bolster the West’s ability to counter these ambitions and
maintain a balance of power that discourages conflict escalation.
Natural resources and their impact on global security
Greenland’s strategic importance is not limited to its
location—it also lies in its resources. The island is home to vast reserves of
rare earth minerals, essential for modern technology, such as neodymium and
dysprosium, which are used in manufacturing batteries, wind turbines, and electronic
devices. In a world increasingly reliant on these raw materials, control of
Greenland could ensure a stable supply for the United States and its allies,
reducing vulnerability to monopolies held by other powers, such as China, which
currently dominates the rare earth market.
Additionally, the potential for hydrocarbons and
fishing in its territorial waters further enhances its economic value. If these
resources were managed under U.S. administration, they could benefit not only
the global economy but also the Greenlandic population, fostering sustainable
development that strengthens regional stability.
Greenland under U.S. control: A pillar for world peace
Greenland’s affiliation with the United States could
be a decisive factor in fostering world peace for several reasons. First, it
would solidify the presence of a democratic power in the Arctic, countering the
ambitions of authoritarian regimes that might seek to exploit the region
aggressively or destabilize it. While not without its critics, U.S. doctrine
has historically prioritized stability and the maintenance of a rules-based
international order, which could translate into responsible management of
Arctic interests.
Second, U.S. control would reduce tensions stemming
from competition over Greenland. In 2019, then-President Donald Trump’s
proposal to purchase the island sparked controversy but also highlighted
Washington’s strategic interest. If Greenland were formally integrated into the
United States, with the consent of its population and Denmark, it would
eliminate uncertainty about its future, preventing it from becoming a
flashpoint among rival powers.
Finally, Greenland’s incorporation into the United
States could serve as a model for international cooperation. By ensuring the
autonomy and well-being of Greenlanders, Washington could demonstrate that its
leadership seeks not only self-interest but also collective progress,
bolstering confidence in a global system guided by democratic values.
In fact, Greenland is far more than a frozen landmass in the
planet’s north—it is a geopolitical linchpin that could shape the course of the
21st century. Its location, resources, and military potential make it a coveted
asset in an ever-changing world. If the United States were to assume control, with
an approach that respects the will of Greenlanders and promotes international
cooperation, the island could become a stronghold of stability and world peace.
In a scenario where the Arctic emerges as the next major theater of global
competition, Greenland’s affiliation with the United States would not only
provide a strategic advantage but also represent a step toward a safer, more
balanced international order.
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